LYFA Course - Launch Your First App

Resources:

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/nh92vdepniipw2v/AAAaizYNZvE1_l5MXozzDMgCa?e=1&dl=0

Start: 07. November 2024

Module 1 - The War Card Game + Basic Syntax

Lesson 3 - UI Building

https://github.com/dmkeks1/L3-Demo

Lesson 4 - War Card Game UI

https://github.com/dmkeks1/War-Card-Game

Lesson 6 - Swift functions

```Swift
func doAdd(a:Int, b:Int) {
    
    var sum = a + b
    print(sum)
}

doAdd(5, 6)
```

  

Man kann die Funktion auch mit labels versehen was die Arbeit damit vereinfacht:

```Swift
func doAdd(firstNum a: Int, secondNum b: Int) -> Int {
    
    var sum = a + b
    return sum
}


doAdd(firstNum: 5, secondNum: 5)
```

  

Möchte man keine Labels(z.B. a: b: etc.) anzeigen, dann kann man _ bei der Deklaration verwenden:

```Swift
func doAdd(_ a: Int, _ b: Int) -> Int {
    
    var sum = a + b
    return sum
}

doAdd(2,5)
```

  

Wenn die Funktion was returnen soll →

![[99 - meta/attachements/image 44.png|image 44.png]]

![[99 - meta/attachements/image 1 2.png|image 1 2.png]]

Lesson 7 - Buttons and Properties

https://github.com/dmkeks1/War-Card-Game

Button aus image erstellen. Hier wird eine closure benutzt.

Button {
          deal(). //action oder funktion
            } label: {
                Image("button") //image des buttons
            }

Lesson 8 - War Card Game Logik - randomizer, Punkte, Auswertung, @State properties, conditional Logic (if statement)

https://github.com/dmkeks1/War-Card-Game

number randomizer
```
Int.random(in: 2...14) // randomizes Nummer zwischen 2 und 14, inkl. 2 & 14
```
@State properties

@State ist ein property wrapper, die variable danach eine property
```
@State var playerCard: String = "back" // @State ist ein property wrapper -> danach property
```
Challenge 1 - Number Climb Game

https://github.com/dmkeks1/NumberClimbGame

Lesson 2 - Arrays

var b: [Int] = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
 
b[0] = 20
 
print(b) // Ausgabe ist nun 20

Lesson 3 - Structures

Structs sollten immer mit großbuchstaben beginnen da Sie sonst mit Funktionen verwechselt werden können.

testFunktion() → funktion

MenuItems() → struct ohne definierte vars

structs sind wie Blueprints für einen eigens erstellten Datentypen.

Um diese zu nutzen muss man Instances erstellen.

functions können in einer structure definiert sein.

firstItem.testPrint()

variablen in einer structure nennt man property!

functions in einer structure nennt man method!

Wenn man in der struct Definition einen Wert zuweist gilt dieser quasi als Default Wert für alle neu erstelle Instanzen und muss bei der Instance Erstellung nicht angegeben werden.
```
// Struct erstellen, vorzugsweise in eigener Datei MenuItem.swift
struct MenuItem {
    var name: String
    var price: String
    var imageName: String
 
}
 
// erstellten Struct "initialisieren" 
var menuItems: [MenuItem] = []
 
 
// Instance erstellen
 
var firstItem = MenuItem(name: "Sushi", price: "1,99€", imageName: "sushi")
```
Lesson 5 - Swift UI List

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Menu

… {word in …
word wird als variable deklariert

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Menu/blob/main/Menu/MenuView.swift
- result
Lesson 5 - Challenge

Challenge

Build a UI with a List and a Button below it.

Declare a property that contains an array of 5 strings. These can be any 5 words you want.

Each time the button is tapped, choose a random word from the array and put it in the list.

The number of items in the list should grow as you tap the button.

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Lesson5Challenge/blob/main/Lesson5Challenge/ContentView.swift
Lesson 7 - Structures Part 2

try to organize your code logically into other files.

Lesson 8 - State and Updating Views

Outsourcing Data into another file/struct.

File of data is called DataService here because it provides data for us.

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Menu/blob/main/Menu/DataService.swift

Instance muss danach in dem View indem wir die Data benötigen erstellt werden.

  @State var menuItems: [MenuItem] = [MenuItem]() // @State sagt SwiftUI, dass die variable wichtig ist fürs UI. 
  // Änderungen werden überwacht und View wird bei jeder Änderung neu gedrawed
  
  var dataService = DataService() // creating an instance of DataService
  
  ...
  List(menuItems) {item in
  ...
  }
  .onAppear { // modifier of the List
            // call for the data
            menuItems = dataService.getData()

Lesson 9 - Reusing your Views

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Menu

Views können reused werden in anderen views, z.B. ein Button.

CustomButton()

Es können auch parameter übergeben werden wenn diese in CustomButton definiert wurden.

CustomButton(buttonText: “Mein Custom Button”)
Module 2 Challenge - Movie List

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Module2ChallengeMovieList

Module 3 - The Restaurant App

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Restaurant

Lesson 2 - TabView

TabView {
            MenuView().tabItem {
                
                VStack {
                    Text("Menu")
                    Image(systemName: "menucard")
                }
                
                
            }
            
            AboutView().tabItem {
                
                VStack {
                    Text("About")
                    Image(systemName: "info.circle")
                    
                }
                
            }
            
            GalleryView().tabItem {
                VStack{
                    Text("Gallery")
                    Image(systemName: "photo")
                }
            }
        }

image 6 2.png

Lesson 3 - ScrollView

VStacks mit viel Inhalt verhalten sich komisch was Text und Images angeht da nicht genug Platz vorhanden ist. Sobald man ScrollView definiert verhält es sich wie gewünscht.

ScrollView {}

ScrollView {
            VStack (alignment: .leading) {
                Text("About")
                    .font(.largeTitle)
                    .bold()
                
                Image("restaurant")
                    .resizable()
                    .scaledToFit()
                    .padding(.bottom)
                
                Text("Sukiyabashi Jiro (すきやばし次郎, Sukiyabashi Jirō) is a sushi restaurant in Ginza, Chūō, Tokyo, owned by Jiro Ono.[2] Ono previously operated as the head chef, but stepped aside in favor of his son Yoshikazu Ono in 2023 due to ill health. Sukiyabashi Jiro was the first sushi restaurant[4] to receive three stars from the Michelin Guide.[5] It was removed from the Michelin Guide in November 2019 as it does not receive reservations from the general public,[6][7] instead requiring reservations to be made through the concierge of a luxury hotel.[8]")
                
                Image("map")
                    .resizable()
                    .scaledToFit()
                
                Text("""
                     Tsukamoto Sogyo Building
                     Basement Floor 1
                     2-15, Ginza 4-chome
                     Chūō, Tokyo
                     Japan
                     """)
                
                
            }
        }

You can hide the scrollbars

ScrollView (showsIndicators: **false**``) {

}

You can also hide them individually for horizontal or vertically scroll.

ScrollView(.horizontal, showsIndicators: false)

Lesson 4 - Dynamically Generating UI Elements using For Each

ForEach Syntax
```
ForEach(wordList) { word in
		Text(word)
	}
	
	
	ForEach(range) { _ in // range could be for example 2..5 
		Text("Hello")
		}
```
ForEach(wordList, id: \.``**self**``) { word **in**

Text(word)

}

id: \.self → legt fest, dass der String/Int-Wert etc. sich selbst als identifier nimmt. So brauch man das “Identifiable” nicht.

Lesson 5 - LazyVGrids

LazyVGrid(columns: [GridItem(), GridItem(), GridItem()]) {
 
}

image 7 2.png

Beispiel:

 
import SwiftUI
 
struct ContentView: View {
    
    var photos = ["gallery1", "gallery2", "gallery3", "gallery4", "gallery5", "gallery6", "gallery7", "gallery8", "gallery9", "gallery10", "gallery11"]
    
    
    var body: some View {
        
        ScrollView {
            
            LazyVGrid(columns: [GridItem(), GridItem(), GridItem()]) {
                ForEach(photos, id: \.self) { p in
                    Image(p)
                        .resizable()
                        .scaledToFit()
                }
            }
        }
        
    }
    
}
 
 
\#Preview {
    ContentView()
}

image 8 2.png

Ist so nicht scrollable, dafür muss es in einen ScrollView

Beispiel wenn kein Abstand gewünscht: #LazyVGrid

ScrollView {
            
            LazyVGrid(columns: [GridItem(spacing:0), GridItem(spacing:0), GridItem(spacing:0)], spacing: 0) {
                ForEach(photos, id: \.self) { p in
                    Image(p)
                        .resizable()
                        .scaledToFit()
                }
            }
        }

image 9 2.png

Lesson 6 - Displaying Images in a Grid
```
GeometryReader { proxy in
	ScrollView {
	LazyVGrid {
	...
	}
	}
	
}
```
https://github.com/dmkeks1/Restaurant/blob/main/Restaurant/GalleryView.swift
Lesson 7 - Modal Views Using Sheets

Sheets | Apple Developer Documentation
A sheet helps people perform a scoped task that’s closely related to their current context.
https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/sheets
Best practice ist:
1. eigenen View anlegen, in diesem Fall ein View für ein Bild.
2. bool variable anlegen: @State var sheetVisible = false
3. .sheet(isPresented: $sheetVisible) { PhotoView() }
  
  als modifier für den VStack. $sheetVisible ist eine bool variable die bei dem Tap auf ein Bild umgeschaltet wird. Das $ Zeichen symbolisiert ein Binding. PhotoView() die erstellte View.
4. .onTapGesture { sheetVisible.toggle() // same as sheetVisible = true }
  
  als modifier für den Content, in dem Fall für Image(photo)
Lesson 8 - Passing Data with Bindings

@State var dataArray

A binding is a reference to a State property that allows a two way relationship.

Binding müssen immer in andere Views gepassed werden sollten Sie dort gebraucht werden z.B.:

PhotoView(selectedPhoto: $selectedPhoto, sheetVisible: $sheetVisible)

There are two common ways to use bindings:
1. Textfield listens to changes, but also can write data in the property. (here we are in the same view)
1. able to pass data/variables into another views and back.
Für eine funktionierende Preview muss ein “FakeBinding” in einer Form einer Konstanten erstellt werden z.B. für den PhotoView View:

#Preview { PhotoView(selectedPhoto: Binding.constant("gallery1")) }

selectedPhoto ist die Binding property/variable und für eine funktionierende preview müssen wir quasi eine imaginäre auswahl getroffen haben. Mit einer konstanten, in dem Fall gallery1, simulieren wir eine Auswahl. Sonst kommt es zu Fehlern.

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Restaurant/blob/main/Restaurant/PhotoView.swift

In der GalleryView muss .sheet diese variable für den PhotoView übergeben werden:

.sheet(isPresented: $sheetVisible) { PhotoView(selectedPhoto: $selectedPhoto) }

und in der PhotoView natürlich definiert werden:

@Binding **var** selectedPhoto: String
Lesson 9 - Swift Closures, Initializers, Access Modifiers and More

Initializer

An initializer is a method that gets called when a new instance is created.

The initializer method is responsible for making sure that the instance is ready to use.

In order for an Instance to be ready to use all of its properties have to have a value.

You can define an init() {} method in an instance so if you create a new instance of that a piece of code runs when you create it.

.self refers to the struct itself, gets used in initializers.

Closures

Closures are simply block of code without a name.

XCode often changes methods into trailing closure format, so don’t worry. Just know what closures are.

Access Modifiers

Access modifiers allow you to change who can access the properties and methods of a structure.

Arten von access modifiers:

public = default

private = can only be used inside a struct/function. Can’t be accessed outside of a structure/function.

fileprivate = you can access outside a struct, but only inside the current swift file.

internal = only inside the same target. this is more advanced and probably wont be used.

by default : everything in a struct is public, you dont need to specific public.
Module 3 Challenge

Habs ohne DataService und eventuell etwas unsauber gemacht was das spacing des LazyVGrids angeht.

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Module3Challenge

Module 4 - The Guidebook App

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Guidebook

Lesson 03 - NavigationStack and NavigationLink

image 15 2.png

NavigationStack{
            
            ScrollView {
                
                VStack {
                    
                    ForEach(cities) { city in
                        NavigationLink {
                            AttractionView()
                        } label: {
                            Text(city.name)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            .padding()
        }
        
        .onAppear() {
            cities = dataService.getData()
        }

NavigationLink {
                        DetailView(attraction: attraction)
                    } label: {
                        Text(attraction.name)
                    }

Lesson 04 - Building the Guidebook UI

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Guidebook
Lesson 05 - Debugging in Xcode

Info

https://learn.codewithchris.com/courses/take/foundations3/lessons/45519082-lesson-05-debugging-in-xcode

to debug variables in the console type:

po a

po stands for print out. A is a variable.
Lesson 06 - Swift Optionals

Sometimes a variable is just empty at a certain point, maybe because the user hasnt made a selection yet. For that case we can set a variable to an Optional by adding a ? at the Datatype.

var selectedFood: String? = nil

nil indicates that there is no value at the moment.

An Optional needs to get unwrapped. They way you do that is by adding a !

Text(selectedFood!)

Unwrapping an optional with nil will crash the app!

To prevent crashin you can user either
1. if statement
```
if selectedFood != nil {
	Text(selectedFood!)
}
 
OR 
 
if selectedFood == nil {
	Text("Ice Cream")
}
else {
	Text(selectedFood!)
}
```
1. optional binding
```
if let food = selectedFood {
	Text(food)
}
 
// if value is nil, this check just bypasses the lines -> no error
```
1. nil coalescent operator
```
Text(selectedFood ?? "Sushi")
 
// if the value is valid, it will display selectedFood. If its nil
// it will display Sushi.
 
//can also be used for optional chaining:
 
Text(selectedMenuItem?.name ?? "Pizza")
```
optional chaining:

me?.walk()

tzhe = checks if the var contains something, if yes, call method() on in. if not, do nothing.

Lesson 07 - Swift Dictionaries

keys are unique!

they have associated values

image 19 2.png

image 20 2.png

import UIKit
 
var myArray: [String] = ["Orange", "Apple","Banana"] // Array
var myEmptyArray = [String]()
 
 
 
var myDictionary: [String:String] = ["OR":"Orange", "AP":"Apple", "BA":"Banana"] //Dictionary
var myEmptyDictionary = [String:String]()
 
myArray.append("Pear")
 
myDictionary["PR"] = "Pear" // create key value pair
myDictionary["PR"] = "Prune" //updates value for key "PR"
 
myDictionary["PR"] = nil // deletes value from the dictionary
 
 
myArray[1] // read from array - ORDER MATTERS
 
//
// if a Dictionary entry is not there, its nil, so you need to check:
//
 
if myDictionary["OR"] != nil {
    myDictionary["OR"] // read from array - WILL OUTPUT ORANGE
}
 
print(myDictionary["JDF"] ?? "Peach")

Lesson 08 - Swift Loops

image 21 2.png

For In

var myArray: [String] = ["Orange", "Apple","Banana"] // Array
var myDictionary: [String:String] = ["OR":"Orange", "AP":"Apple", "BA":"Banana"] //Dictionary
 
for item in myArray { // going through an array
    print(item)
}
 
 
for k in myDictionary.keys { // going through the dictionary and prints out the keys
    print(k)
}
 
 
for v in myDictionary.values { // going through the dictionary and prints out the values
    print(v)
}
 
for (k, v) in myDictionary {//  going through the dictionary and prints out the values and keys.
                            // (k,v) -> is called a tuple, a group of variables
    print(k)
    print(v)
}

While

import UIKit
 
 
var myArray: [String] = ["Orange", "Apple","Banana"] // Array
var myDictionary: [String:String] = ["OR":"Orange", "AP":"Apple", "BA":"Banana"] //Dictionary
 
 
 
 
var flag = false
 
while flag == false { // checks initially and may not run even once
    print("Hello")
    
    flag = true
}
 
 
repeat { // run guaranteed once, and checks condition afterwards
    print("Repeat")
} while flag == false

Lesson 09 - JSON Data Format

JSON Key always needs to be a String. The values can be:

to validate your JSON file:

https://jsonlint.com/

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Guidebook/blob/main/Guidebook/DemoData.json

Lesson 10 - How to Parse JSON in Swift - November 12, 2024

Parse/Deserialize/Decode = translate into Swift

translate Swift into JSON = Serializing/Encode

Steps to get JSON Data into the APP:

    		// get filepath to DemoData.json
        
        // Read the file and turn into Data
        
        // parse Data into Swift Instances

Code of working JSON import for the Guidebook App (DataService file, rest is in the GitHub)

Info

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Guidebook/tree/main/Guidebook

func getFileData() -> [City] {
        
        // get filepath to DemoData.json
        if let url = Bundle.main.url(forResource: "DemoData", withExtension: "json") {
            
            do {
                // Read the file and turn into Data
                    let data = try Data(contentsOf: url) // try if it throws an error
                
                        // parse Data into Swift Instances
                let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                
                
                
                do {
                    let cities = try decoder.decode([City].self, from: data) //.self means that we try to create the type of City data and not an array or sth.
                    return cities
                }
                catch {
                    print("Couldn't parse the JSON: \(error.localizedDescription)")
                }
                
                
                
                
            }
            catch  {
                print("Couldn't read file: \(error.localizedDescription)")
            }
        
            
        
            
            
        }
        
        
        return [City]()
        
    }

Lesson 11 - Opening other Apps November 13, 2024

Url Schemes

image 24 2.png

Map Links
Describes the URL schemes used to communicate with standard iPhone applications.
https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/featuredarticles/iPhoneURLScheme_Reference/MapLinks/MapLinks.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007899-CH5-SW1

Complete List of iOS URL Schemes for Apple Apps and Services (Always-Updated)
The most exhaustive list of Apple iOS app schemes on the web
https://medium.com/@contact.jmeyers/complete-list-of-ios-url-schemes-for-apple-apps-and-services-always-updated-800c64f450f

Button {
                        
                        // CReate URL Instance vbased on URL Scheme
                        if let url = URL(string: "maps://?q=\(attraction.name.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))&s11=\(attraction.latLong)&z=10&t=s")
                        {
                            // Test if url can be opened, is an app present?
                            if UIApplication.shared.canOpenURL(url) {
                                // open url
                                UIApplication.shared.open(url)
                            }
                            
                        }
                        
                        
                    } label: {
                        
                        ZStack {
                            RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 15)
                                .foregroundColor(.blue)
                                .frame(height: 40)
                            Text("Get Directions")
                                .foregroundColor(.white)
                        }
                    }

https://github.com/dmkeks1/Guidebook/blob/main/Guidebook/DetailView.swift

leerzeichen müssen mit replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+")ersetzt werden.

Challenge - Pokemon Guide November 13, 2024

https://github.com/dmkeks1/PokemonChallenge
Assignment for Certificate November 13, 2024

https://github.com/dmkeks1/PokemonTCGPacks

iOS Networking November 13, 2024

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/3snpkc49at92dl1yg5lmi/h?rlkey=2o0510ofjl9cqke91wixhq364&e=1&dl=0

Module 1 - What is Networking? November 13, 2024

Lesson 02 - Finding and Using APIs

There are OAuth and API_KEY authorizations.

OAuth sends a login request first, then you get a token, then you can send the data request.

With the API_KEY you can directly request data.
Lesson 03 - How to use API endpoints in Swift

in this course we are using the pexels api.
Lesson 04 - What is a REST API
Lesson 05 - iOS Concurrency, Await and Async

Concurrency - several Threads to work on things

async keyword lets the system know, run this in the background if you need to.
```
func longTask() async {
		print("Long Task"
}
```
to call the function we need to use the Task{} block now and use the keyword await.

Await will wait for a task to complete before continue executing.
```
Task {
	await longTask()
}
```
to check which thread is beeing used you can use

print(Thread.current)

UI work should always be done by the main thread. You can used the statement

Mainactor.run {

print(”Display UI work”

}

Lesson 06 - How to make a Network request in Swift

https://learn.codewithchris.com/courses/take/networking/lessons/47392329-lesson-06-how-to-make-a-network-request-in-swift

image 31 2.png

 
// the following line of code already takes care of the optinal check.
// if the url is nil, it skips it.
if let actualUrl = URL(string: "https://api.pexels.com/v1/search?query=nature") {
 
	// create url request and pass in actualUrl
 
}

error handling:

image 32 2.png

Request

...
.onAppear {
            
            Task {
                await apiCall()
            }
            
        }
        ...
 
 
func apiCall() async{
        
        // 1. URL
        if let url = URL(string: "https://api.pexels.com/v1/search?query=nature&per_page=1") {
            // 2. URL request
            var request = URLRequest(url: url)
            request.addValue("\(api_key)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization") // adds key to request
            // 3. URLSession
            do { // we dont ne a task block here because the function in the code is called
                 // in a task block already
                let (data, response) = try await URLSession.shared.data(for: request) // returns in a tuple, so we need to put the answer in a tuple aswell
                
                print(data) // actual requested data
                print(response) // status code, other info
                
            } catch {
                print(error)
            }
        }
    }

https://github.com/dmkeks1/M1L6HowToMakeANetworkRequest

Lesson 07 - Debugging Network Requests

https://proxyman.io/
1. install certs
2. enabled domain
3. remove app and reinstall
https://learn.codewithchris.com/courses/take/networking/lessons/47857956-lesson-07-debugging-network-requests-with-proxyman

Lesson 08 - Parsing Network Repsonses

Complete call with response and parsing:

https://github.com/dmkeks1/M1L6HowToMakeANetworkRequest/blob/main/M1L6HowToMakeANetworkRequest/Model/SearchResponse.swift

structs are created in advance from the response template of the api documentation.

func apiCall() async{
        
        // 1. URL
        if let url = URL(string: "https://api.pexels.com/v1/search?query=nature&per_page=1") {
            // 2. URL request
            var request = URLRequest(url: url)
            request.addValue("\(api_key)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization") // adds key to request
            // 3. URLSession
            do { // we dont ne a task block here because the function in the code is called
                 // in a task block already
                let (data, response) = try await URLSession.shared.data(for: request) // returns in a tuple, so we need to put the answer in a tuple aswell
                
                // 4. Parse the JSON
                
                let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                do {
                    let searchResponse = try decoder.decode(SearchResponse.self, from: data)
                    
                    for photo in searchResponse.photos {
                        print(photo)
                    }
                    
                } catch {
                    print(error)
                }
 
            } catch {
                print(error)
            }
        }
    }

https://github.com/dmkeks1/M1L6HowToMakeANetworkRequest/blob/main/M1L6HowToMakeANetworkRequest/ContentView.swift

Challenge - Jokes App

https://github.com/dmkeks1/ChallengeJokesApp
- Instructions
  
  In this challenge, I'd like you to try doing the same thing, except with a different API.
  
  As usual, to get the most out of this challenge, try to complete it by reviewing the training in this module before looking at the solution or asking for help.
  
  Getting stuck, looking things up, reviewing previous lessons.. these are all steps in the skill building process!
  
  **Setup:**
  - API: [https://jokeapi.dev/](https://jokeapi.dev/)
  - Authentication: None
  - Endpoint: https://v2.jokeapi.dev/joke/Any?type=single
  **Challenge:**
  - Build a UI that has a Text label in the center of the screen. At the bottom, put a button.
  - When the button is tapped, it sends the API request
  - When the response returns, parse the data and display the joke in the Text label
  - You should be able to keep tapping the button to show a different joke in the Text label
  - Make sure you use "async" and "await" as you learned in Lesson 5.
  **Getting Help:**
  - Check the project that you worked on in this module which is very similar.
  - Dedicated discussion thread for this challenge [here](https://codecrew.codewithchris.com/t/ios-networking-module-1-jokes-app-challenge/25336)``. (If you need access to the CWC+ students section of the community, fill out [this form](https://codewithchris.typeform.com/to/NlKfo8FS)``)
  - Reach out to one of our coaches with the chat widget in the lower right corner.
  - Check out the solution below.
  **Solution:**
  - Solution can be found [here](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/xopy0eu436bplb2w4cp0u/Networking-Module-1-Challenge-1-Project.zip?rlkey=9ggl7pudef796v3sik5qu7id4&dl=1)``.

Module 2 - The Citysights App November 16, 2024

Module 01 - Source Control
Module 05 - Adding the API key to Xcode Securely
- create config file from template in xcode
  
  target needs to be unchecked
  
  choose created config file in xcode project for it to be used
  
  add api_key to info.plist
  
  To test if the app can access the key you can print
```
.onAppear {
            print(Bundle.main.infoDictionary?["API_KEY"] as? String)
            }
```
  create .gitignore file to ignore the config file
  
  navigate to the project folder an press SHIFT + COMMAND + . to reveal invis folders like .git
  
  open terminal and navigate to the project folder by dragging the folder into the terminal.
  
  in the terminal enter: touch .gitignore touch creates, . means hidden
  
  for creating gitignore we can use https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore
  
  enter xcode and swift and copy the content in the .gitignore file we created.
  
  also add the config.xcconfig manually!
  
  make sure to unstage config.xcconfig in xcode so it doenst commit the api_key if we created that file after settings everyhting up
  
  now we can commit.
  
  if we used another branch we can merge into main after and delete the used branch (chris used that in his tutorial)

Module 06 - making API request for yelp api

import Foundation
 
struct DataService  {
    
    
    let api_key = Bundle.main.infoDictionary?["API_KEY"] as? String
    
    
    func businessSearch() async {
        
        
        //check if api key exists
        guard  api_key != nil  else {
            return
        }
        
        // 1. Create URL
        if let url = URL(string: "https://api.yelp.com/v3/businesses/search?latitude=35.665517&longitude=139.770398&categories=restaurants&limit=10") {
            
            
            
            
            // 2. Create request
            var request = URLRequest(url: url)
            
            request.addValue("Bearer \(api_key!)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
            request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "accept")
            
            // 3. Send request
            
            do {
                let (data, response) = try await URLSession.shared.data(for: request)
                
                print(data)
                print(response)
            }
            catch {
                print(error)
            }
        }

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/DataService.swift

Module 07 - Parsing Yelp API + CodingKeys

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/Model/Business.swift

struct Business: Decodable, Identifiable {
 
    
    var id: String?
    var alias: String?
    var categories: [Category]?
    var coordinates: Coordinate?
    var displayPhone: String?
    var distance: Double?
    var imageUrl: String?
    var isClosed: Bool?
    var location: Location?
    var name: String?
    var phone: String?
    var price: String?
    var rating: Double?
    var reviewCount: Int?
    var url: String?
    
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
       
        
        //properties die geändert werden müssen weil die bezeichnung nicht swift conform ist
        case displayPhone = "display_phone"
        case isClosed = "is_closed"
        case imageUrl = "image_url"
        case reviewCount = "review_count"
        
        
        //wenn properties geändert werden müssen, dann müssen trotzdem alle anderen nochmal im codingkeys enum aufgezählt werden
        case id
        case alias
        case categories
        case coordinates
        case distance
        case location
        case name
        case phone
        case price
        case rating
        case url
    }
    
}

Module 09 - Styling the list

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/ContentView.swift
```
struct TextHelper {
    
    static func distanceAwayText(meters: Double) -> String {
        
        if meters > 1000 {
            return "\(Int(round(meters/meters/1000))) km away"
        }
        else {
            return "\(Int(round(meters))) m away"
        }
    }
}
```
static func bedeutet, dass man keine instance erstellen muss um auf die Funktion zuzugreifen.

ohne func müsste man erst:

let helper = TextHelper()

helper.distanceAwayText

mit static func:

TextHelper.distanceAwayText

wird dann auch Type Method / Type function genannt.
Module 10 - Business Detail Using SwiftUI Sheets

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/BusinessDetailView.swift

sheets, lists, sf symbols,
Challenge - Football Stats

Module 3 - Data Flow and Map November 17, 2024

Lesson 01 - The Observation Data Flow Pattern - MVVM

observation pATTERn enables how the data flows through the app
Lesson 02 - Swift Classes November 18, 2024 and Structures Part 1

Lesson 03 - Swift Classes and Structures Part 2

Verhalten von Structs:

creates copy and modifies copy

CleanShot_2024-11-18_at_17.12.332x 2.png

verhalten von class:

referenziert nur auf instance und erstellt keine copy. ändert werte der instance

CleanShot_2024-11-18_at_17.15.462x 2.png

Mutability:

// 2. Default initializers
struct StructPerson {
    var name: String
}
 
var struct1 = StructPerson(name: "Dominik")
 
class ClassPerson {
    var name: String
    
    init(name: String) {
        self.name = name
    }
}
 
var class1 = ClassPerson(name: "Dominik")
 
// 3. Assignment of Structs and Classes
 
var struct2 = struct1
struct1.name = "Mike" // Does this statement change struct2's name property?
print(struct2.name)
 
var class2 = class1
class1.name = "Mike" // Does this statement change class2's name property?
print(class2.name)
 
 
// 4. Mutability differences
let struct3 = StructPerson(name: "Sara")
let class3 = ClassPerson(name: "Sara")
 
//struct3 = StructPerson(name: "Jen")
//class3 = ClassPerson(name: "Jen")
 
struct3.name = "Jen"
class3.name = "Jen"

CleanShot_2024-11-18_at_17.21.452x 2.png

perform structs over classes because they perform less overhead

Lesson 04 - Swift Class Inheritance November 19, 2024

CleanShot_2024-11-19_at_21.27.582x 2.png

CleanShot_2024-11-19_at_21.28.122x 2.png

Syntax

class Animal {
 
		var name: String
		func talk() {
		print("woop"
		}
init(name: String) {
  self.name = name
		}
}
 
class Cat: Animal { //declaring Cat as subclass from animal
 
}
 
let c = Cat(name:"Bob")
print(c.name) // has accesss to property from class Animal
c.talk() // has accesss to method/function from class Animal

Overriding

class Cat: Animal { //declaring Cat as subclass from animal
 override func talk() { // overriding method from main class
   print("meow"
 }
 
}

CleanShot_2024-11-19_at_21.33.532x 2.png

Super

CleanShot_2024-11-19_at_21.36.182x 2.png

Polymorphism

CleanShot_2024-11-19_at_21.40.152x 2.png

Lesson 05 - How to implement the Observaion pattern

Syntax Observable

@Observable // ohter views, where this class is instanced will
//notice when the value change
class ViewModel { //@Observable only works with classes
  var wordDb = ["Potato", "Cat", "Sunshin", "Raindrop"]
  var currentWord = "Cactus"
  
  
  func randomizeWord() { // randomizes word and puts into currentWord
		  currentWord = wordDb[Int.random(in: wordDb.indices)]
  }
}

Syntax Environment

@main
struct ObservationDemoApp: App {
	@State var viewModel = ViewModel()
	
	var body: some Scene {
		WindowGroup {
			ContentView()
				.environment(viewModel) // declaring it as an environmental
				// will make it available for all subvies of contentview
		
		}
	}
}

In the ContentView you need to get the reference by adding:

@Environment(ViewModel.self) var viewModel

Lesson 06 - Observation Pattern For City Sights

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/BusinessModel.swift
Important
1. observable class needs to be created in new file.
2. needs to be set as environment property in app entry.
ContentView() .environment(model)
1. needs to be declared as environment variable where it needs to appear @Environment(BusinessModel.self) var model

Lesson 07 - SwiftUIMaps & Picker

Map

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/MapView.swift

...
import MapKit //neede for map funcitonality
 
...
 
Map() //creates map
...

Picker

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/HomeView.swift

Picker("", selection: $selectedTab) {
                Text("List")
                    .tag(0) //legt reihenfolge fest
                
                Text("Map")
                    .tag(1) //legt reihenfolge fest
            }
            .pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle()) // ändert den style
            // siehe screenshot

CleanShot_2024-11-20_at_22.05.14 2.png

Challenge Crypto Coin November 30, 2024

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CryptoCoin

Module 4 - Building more App Features

Lesson 01 - Map Markers

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App

Map Markers

To use Map markers we use Markers(). In this example we can go through our businesses with a foreach and iterate through every entry and display all the markers on the map:

Map() {
            ForEach(model.businesses, id: \.id) { b in
                Marker(b.name ?? "Restaurant", coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: b.coordinates?.latitude ?? 0, longitude: b.coordinates?.longitude ?? 0))
            }

Marker Selection

To select a marker we have to set a tag with a unique ID for the selected item.

Also we need to create a @State var to recognize changes

 
@State var selectedBusinessId: String?
 
Map()
...
 
.tag(b.id ?? "None") //sets to None if is nil
...
 
.onChange(of: selectedBusinessId) {
...
}

Displaying Business Details

.onChange(of: selectedBusinessId) { oldValue, newValue in
            // Find matching business
            
            
            // get the first business where this is true and assign in to the constance
            let business = model.businesses.first { business in
                business.id == selectedBusinessId
            }
            
            // if business is foujnd set it as selected one
            if business != nil {
                model.selectedBusiness = business!
            }

Lesson 02 - Onboarding View

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App

To create an onboarding view we can use a tabview with a special modifier and set the entry point to this view:

TabView {
           // CODE
        }
        .tabViewStyle(.page)
        
        
        
        
 //in app entry point file:
 
 .fullScreenCover(isPresented: Binding.constant(true)) {
                    //TODO on dismiss
                } content: {
                    OnboardingView()
                }

Lesson 03 - Saving Data with AppStorage

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App

Dismiss Onboarding

There is an environment functionality for dismissing screens:

@Environment(\.dismiss) var dismiss
 
 
//where we want to dismiss we need to call the dismiss function
...
dismiss()

Also in the app entry we need to have a “switch” to change the ispresented

...
@State var needsOnboarding = true
...
.fullScreenCover(isPresented: $needsOnboarding) {
                    needsOnboarding = false
                } content: {
                    OnboardingView()
                }

App Storage

@AppStorage("onboarding") var needsOnboarding = true

onboarding is the key which is used to store the data on the device

if in property

Circle()
                        .frame(width: 10)
                        .foregroundStyle(selectedViewIndex == 1 ? .white : .gray)
                        // if condition in a property

Lesson 04 - Location the User with CoreLocation

CLLocationManager delegate protocol

image 36 2.png

To ask for permissions for location services:

image 37 2.png

 func getUserLocation() {
        // Check if we have permission
        
        if locationManager.authorizationStatus == .authorizedWhenInUse {
            locationManager.requestLocation()
        }
        else {
        // requests permission
            locationManager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        }
        
    }

we need to set something (class) as a location manger, see

Info

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/BusinessModel.swift

Lesson 06 - Downloading Images

see:

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/blob/main/CitySights%20App/ListView.swift

if let imageUrl = b.imageUrl {
                            // Display the business image
                            AsyncImage(url: URL(string: imageUrl)!) { image in
                                image
                                    .resizable()
                                    .frame(width:50, height:50)
                                    .scaledToFill()
                                    .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 6))
                                    .padding(.trailing, 16)
                            } placeholder: {
                                ProgressView()
                                    .frame(width: 50, height: 50)
                            }
 
                        }
                        else {
                            Image("list-placeholder-image")
                                .padding(.trailing, 16)
                        }

to cache images:

Lesson 07 - Enhancing the Yelp Query

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App/tree/main
```
.focused($queryBoxFocus) // only shows when textbox is focused
```

Lesson 08 - Launching other Apps URLSchemes

https://github.com/dmkeks1/CitySights-App

if let url = URL(string:"tel:\(business?.phone ?? "")") {
                        Link(destination: url) {
                            Text(business?.phone ?? "")
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Text(business?.phone ?? "")
                    }

Settings APp:

if model.locationAuthStatus == .denied {
                Text("Please allow location services for this app to see sights near you")
                    .padding(.horizontal)
                Button {
                    if let url = URL(string: UIApplication.openSettingsURLString) {
                        UIApplication.shared.open(url)
                    }
                } label: {
                    Text("Open Privacy Settings")
                }
                .buttonStyle(.bordered)
 
            }

iOS Databases and Basic Figma December 2, 2024

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/0y5bxp06mvnoysq8cyfjd/h?rlkey=zlhlx0iqp3ihg519kg39evl9m&dl=0

Lesson 01 - Databases Overview

Local Database

Remote Databases

Lesson 02 - What is SwiftData

image 41 2.png

@Model

@Model // needed for SwiftData
class DataItem: Identifiable {
    var id: String
    var creationDate: Date
    
    init() {
        id = UUID().uuidString //every instance will get UUID
        creationDate = Date() // and date
    }
}

https://github.com/dmkeks1/swiftdata-demo/blob/main/swiftdata-demo/DataItem.swift

modelContainer in entry point

@main
struct swiftdata_demoApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()
                .modelContainer(for: DataItem.self) // if you have more datatypes you can put an array here
        }
    }
}

https://github.com/dmkeks1/swiftdata-demo/blob/main/swiftdata-demo/swiftdata_demoApp.swift

@Environment Instance where we need it

 @Environment(\.modelContext) private var context

https://github.com/dmkeks1/swiftdata-demo/blob/main/swiftdata-demo/ContentView.swift

Lesson 03 - SwiftData Operations - CRUD

see add, update, create in source code

you can turn off “autosave” with isAutosaveEnabled: **false**

https://github.com/dmkeks1/swiftdata-demo/blob/main/swiftdata-demo/ContentView.swift

Lesson 04 - SwiftData Queries December 3, 2024

image 42 2.png

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/predicate

Filter with @Query predicate

image 43 2.png

@Query(filter: \#Predicate<Person> { person in
	person.age > 50 || person.age < 20
 
}, sort: \Person.age, order: .reverse)  //order is adjustable

Example for changing filters while using a picker:

we are passing the selection to the initializer:

import SwiftUI
import SwiftData
 
struct PeopleListView: View {
    
    @Environment(\.modelContext) private var context
    
    @Query(filter: \#Predicate<Person> { person in
        person.age < 20
    }, sort: \Person.name, order: .reverse)
    private var people: [Person]
    
    var body: some View {
        List(people) { p in
            
            HStack {
                Text(p.name)
                Spacer()
                Text("Age: \(String(p.age))")
            }
                .swipeActions {
                    Button("Delete") {
                        context.delete(p)
                    }
                }
        }
    }
    
    init(filter: Filter) {
        // Based on the filter, set the predicate
        if filter == Filter.kids {
            _people = Query(filter: \#Predicate<Person> { person in
                person.age < 20
            }, sort: \Person.age)
        }
        else if filter == Filter.adults {
            _people = Query(filter: \#Predicate<Person> { person in
                person.age >= 20
            }, sort: \Person.age)
        }
        
    }
}

ddung docs

Explorer

CodeWithChris - CWC+ Courses

LYFA Course - Launch Your First App

Module 1 - The War Card Game + Basic Syntax

Lesson 3 - UI Building

Lesson 4 - War Card Game UI

Lesson 6 - Swift functions

number randomizer

@State properties

Module 2 - The Menu App

Module 3 - The Restaurant App

ForEach Syntax

Initializer

Closures

Access Modifiers

Module 4 - The Guidebook App

For In

While

Url Schemes

iOS Networking November 13, 2024

Module 1 - What is Networking? November 13, 2024

Concurrency - several Threads to work on things

Request

Complete call with response and parsing:

Module 2 - The Citysights App November 16, 2024

Module 3 - Data Flow and Map November 17, 2024

Verhalten von Structs:

verhalten von class:

Mutability:

Syntax

Overriding

Super

Polymorphism

Syntax Observable

Syntax Environment

Map

Picker

Module 4 - Building more App Features

Map Markers

Marker Selection

Displaying Business Details

Dismiss Onboarding

App Storage

if in property

CLLocationManager delegate protocol

Settings APp:

iOS Databases and Basic Figma December 2, 2024

@Model

modelContainer in entry point

@Environment Instance where we need it

Filter with @Query predicate

Example for changing filters while using a picker:

Graph View

Table of Contents